Qhov kev sib tw tau pab tib neeg rau ntau pua xyoo. Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim thiab pheej yig txoj hauv kev los ua hluav taws thiab ib qho kev tuaj yeem uas tsis yooj yim hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Thiab nws tsis yog tias tsis muaj laj thawj uas peb daim ntawv qhia hnub txawm muaj qhov tshwj xeeb hnub so tshwj xeeb rau kev sib tw.
Suav tsim muaj
Qhov tseeb, qhov yuam kev muaj keeb kwm ntev dua thiab ntxim nyiam. Ib qho qauv siv dav dav heev yog tias Suav tau thawj zaug siv qee yam zoo ib yam rau qhov sib luag hauv Cov Nrab Hnub nyoog. Suav keeb kwm yos rov qab mus txog rau lub xyoo pua 13th piav qhia nyias splinters nrog xaus impregnated nrog leej faj, uas ignited los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog qee cov khoom tawg (tab sis tsis yog tawm!).
Txog thaum xyoo pua 15, Suav paub-tau kawm li cas hauv Ntiaj Teb Qub, tab sis nws tsis tau siv dav nyob ntawm no. Thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob: Suav "Suav" qhov sib tw "tsis yog tus kheej.
Thawj cov qauv ntawm cov ntais ntawv sib tw hauv Tebchaws Europe
Xyoo 1805, ib tus kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Fabkis Jean Chapsel tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem nws cov ntais ntawv ntoo, uas tau teeb thaum lub taub hau (nws muaj berthollet ntsev, leej faj thiab cinnabar) kov cov tshuaj sulfuric acid. Cov ntais ntawv no, txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov tsis zoo - lawv tsis tuaj yeem khav tau ntawm kev siv nyab xeeb. Yog tias ignited ua tib zoo, cov tshuaj sulfuric tuaj yeem zoo tau tawg ntawm ob sab sib txawv. Qhov tsis zoo no, txawm li cas los xij, tsis tiv thaiv cov neeg nyiam nyob hauv 1813 hauv Austrian Vienna los ntawm qhib thawj qhov khoom lag luam tsom rau kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom sib tw no.
Xyoo 1826, tus neeg Askiv Askiv John Walker tau ua lub kauj ruam tom ntej - nws ua cov khoom sib tw los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm antimony sulfide, berthollet ntsev thiab pos hniav arabic. Nws yog qhov yooj yim rau lub teeb pom kev zoo li no: koj tsuas yog yuav tsum txhuam nws lub taub hau ntawm sandpaper lossis lwm qhov chaw ntxhib. Walker cov khoom tau ntim hauv cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb tin, uas nyob hauv Tebchaws Askiv tau hu ua "tus neeg qhuas".
Plaub xyoo tom qab, xyoo 1830, tus kws qhia Fabkis Fab Kis Charles Soria tau tsim dua ib hom ntais ntawv - phosphoric. Lawv cov nta tau vim muaj lub npe hu ua dawb phosphorus hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub taub hau. Lawv yog cov heev flammable, thiab qee zaum ntes tau hluav taws txawm hauv lub thawv - los ntawm kev sib txhuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, dawb phosphorus yog lom heev, uas txhais tau tias Soria qhov yuam kev yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
Kev tsim ua ntawm "Swedish ntais ntawv" thiab lawv qhov sib txawv ntawm niaj hnub
Xyoo 1847 hauv Sweden, tus kws tshuaj Schrötter tswj kom tau txais phosphorus liab, uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg. Thiab xyoo 1855, Swede Johan Lundstrom tau siv tus phosphorus tshwj xeeb los tsim nws cov ntais ntawv no. Nws thov liab phosphorus rau ob lub taub hau thiab lub khij khiab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov kev sib tw no pib hu ua "Swedish".
Lawv tau sai tau tsim thiab muag thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Lawv kuj tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Russia. Los ntawm xyoo 1913, muaj ntau dua 200 qhov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov ntais ntawv nyob hauv Lavxias teb chaws. Los ntawm txoj kev, lo lus heev "ntais ntawv", raws li cov kws tshaj lij, los ntawm Cov Laus Lavxias "rab riam" - zoo li hauv Ancient Lavxias lawv hu ua lub ntsej muag ntoo ntse, ntoo ntoo.
Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias cov ntais ntawv tam sim no feem ntau muaj ntau yam zoo sib xws nrog Lundstrem cov ntais ntawv. Tab sis muaj, ntawm chav kawm, qee qhov sib txawv. Ib ntawm lawv yog raws li nram no: Swedish cov khoom sib xyaw muaj cov tshuaj chlorine sib xyaw, thaum cov neeg niaj hnub siv cov roj av paraffins thiab chlorine-oxidants tsis txhob siv cov tebchaw no. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom lag luam niaj hnub tau txo qib leej faj ntau.
Hnub so thiab ua kev zoo siab rau nws
Kev Sib Tw Ncaws Pob ntawm Hnub Sib Hlis yog ua rau lub Peb Hlis 2. Tsis muaj ib qho kev ua koob tsheej loj rau lub sijhawm no feem ntau yog teem. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, hnub no zoo heev rau, piv txwv li, ua tsev thiab lwm yam khoom siv tes ua los ntawm kev sib tw nrog menyuam yaus. Lwm qhov kev xaiv lom ze yog qhov kev sib tw nrov nrov, ntau yam ntawm lawv tau raug tsim los ntawm tam sim no.
Koj kuj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv Russia muaj txawm tias muaj lub tsev khaws puav pheej cais rau qhov no pab tsev neeg yam khoom - nws nyob hauv lub nroog Rybinsk. Muaj nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 2 (raws li, tseeb, nyob rau lwm hnub) koj tuaj yeem pom cov laus ntau yam ntawm qhov yuam kev thiab sau cov khoob zoo kawg ntawm cov thawv ntawm cov sijhawm sib txawv thiab cov qauv. Muaj, ntawm chav kawm, zoo xws li cov tsev khaws puav pheej hauv lwm lub teb chaws - Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Sweden, Switzerland.
